From the Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
Human neo-organ formation from stem cells can only be assayed by in vivo xenotransplantation. The human nonobese diabetic–severe combined immunodeficient (HuNOD/scid) CD34+ cell transplantation is a model that allows examination of hematopoietic tissue formation, although human hematopoietic cell maturation is abortive. Conventional humanization of the cytokine microenvironment has depended on generation of human cytokine-transgenic mice in strains appropriate for conventional plasmid microinjection, followed by backcrossing, a costly and time-consuming approach. Lentiviral vector infection of single-cell embryos was recently reported to produce transgenic animals. Using this approach, we have generated direct human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) transgenic mice from lentivirus-microinjected NOD/scid embryos, with 68% efficiency and 100% penetrance; this allowed us to obtain NOD/scid transgenic mice with considerable savings of resources. This powerful technique should assist in producing novel mouse models for the study of human blood cell lineage development and other human neo-organs from stem cell xenotransplantation for which a similar "humanization" rationale may be required.
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Thresholds Do Not Predict the Response to Acute Stroke Thrombolysis
Localized Reversible Reduction of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in Transient Hypoglycemia-Induced Hemiparesis
efficient migration of dendritic cells toward lymph node chemokines and induction of TH1 responses require maturation stimulus and apoptotic cell interaction
efficient marking of human cells with rapid but transient repopulating activity in autografted recipients
ICAM-1 on exosomes from mature dendritic cells is critical for efficient naive T-cell priming
Human embryonic stem cell–derived CD34+ cells: efficient production in the coculture with OP9 stromal cells and analysis of lymphohematopoietic potential
Swinging for the fences: persistent and efficient liver-directed gene therapy for hemophilia A
Highly efficient expression of transgenic proteins by naked DNA-transfected dendritic cells through terminal differentiation
A phase 3 study of three induction regimens and of priming with GM-CSF in older adults with acute myeloid leukemia: a trial by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
A picture (in the microscope) is worth a thousand words